Thunder on Bataan
"The American Provisional Tank Group had been in the Philippines only three weeks when the Japanese attacked the islands hours after the raid on Pearl Harbor. One of the tankmen parked his half-track on a runway and shot down a Japanese Zero that day, but the group's first tank-on-tank action - indeed the first American armor battle of World War II - would come two weeks later. Sent north to meet the Japanese landings in Lingayen Gulf, the men of the group, still learning their way around an M3 tank, found themselves thrust into a critical role when the Philippine Army could not hold back the Japanese. The next day, General MacArthur ordered the retreat to Bataan, and over the next two weeks, the PTG, proving itself indispensable, formed a blocking force to cover the retreat and dealt the enemy tanks such a defeat that the Japanese would be timid with their armor for the rest of the campaign. During January, February, and March 1942, the light tanks of the PTG patrolled Bataan's beaches and, in a new role for tanks, encircled and destroyed Japanese penetrations and small amphibious landings; these tactics would be used by other units later in the war. By April the situation had become untenable, and 15,000 Americans, along with 60,000 Filipinos, surrendered in one of the worst defeats in U.S. military history. The Provisional Tank Group ceased to exist, and its men endured the Bataan Death March, the torture and starvation of POW camps, the hell ships that took them to Japan and Manchuria for slave labor, and the Palawan massacre (where prisoners were lit on fire by the Japanese). By the end of the war, only half the PTG's men were alive. The 1941-42 campaign in the Philippines has taken a backseat in the popular historical imagination to what came after - the Death March, the prison camps, the rescue attempts - and the role of tanks in that campaign has been largely ignored, in no small part because American field commander Jonathan Wainwright was an ex-cavalryman who did not like tanks and gave them short shrift in his postwar writings."--Goodreads
