Communitas

Means of Livelihood and Ways of Life

de Paul Goodman, Percival Goodman

The Goodman brothers see a "community plan" not as a layout of streets and houses, but as the external form of the activity going on. "It is more like a choreography of society in motion and in rest, an arrangement for society to live out its habits and ideals and do its work, directing itself or being directed." They examine in turn the three main types of plans which have emerged in the last hundred years, grouping them into three classes: the green belt, industrial plans, and integrated plans. The Goodmans turn then to their own, and they arrive at three completely different community formulas, with communities for efficient consumption, the elimination of the difference between production and consumption, and planned security with minimum regulation. The authors enjoy themselves working out the architectural implications of their double economy--the "production center" and minimal settlements of the subsistence economy. By the nature of their approach, they are forced to stray out of the field of town-planning into that of economics, with mixed results. However, all their suggestions release a speculative faculty in the reader's brain, and that may be the best approach to forward the building their idealized communities.